Thursday, October 27, 2011

Building a Sewer System for Boston


Oh, the Smell!!!



Phewwwww….

 

        In 1870 Boston the City had a quarter of a million citizens, ten times the size of Boston the Town in 1800.

          It was a nice city, but the smell--- some days, especially in the southern and western parts—the smell was overpowering.  The smell in parts of the city was terrible for weeks at a time.  

            In 1878 Boston had been a city for over 50 years, and a town since 1630. It was time to put in a modern sewer system.

            In the  late 1600s residents built the first sewer drains, and it was pretty much whoever could pay for digging and building a drain to the nearest water put it in.  In those days, people disposed of human waste separately, in cesspools.

            Even up to the 1880s people dumped their chamber pots in tanks on their property.

            The industrial revolution expanded Boston tremendously, and all the additional people, and all the chemicals that poured from the textile mills and other manufacturing plants turned Boston’s rivers and harbor into murky, stinking waterways. 

            In 1866, just after the Civil War, a cholera epidemic hit Boston and hundreds died. 

            So a decade later, it was time for action, and Elliot C. Clarke was one of the men who led the effort to build a new system that would move the effluent beneath the city and out to Boston harbor, at Moon Island.

 


Map of Boston sewer system, 1885, by Elliot C. Clarke

 

I recently found three small handwritten diaries that Clarke had written during the years when he was building the new Boston sewer.  I found it fascinating to follow along as he records his daily work in building the sewer from Sep. 7, 1878 to Dec. 19, 1881. 

Clarke was a member of a fine old Boston family, and became a Boston hero for his work in building a sewer system for the City.

 

Clarke was a prominent figure in Public Health and Civil Engineering in those days, and his work was interconnected not only with building, maintaining and expanding Boston's storm drain and sewer system, but the many railroads and horse railways criss-crossing the city, as well as streets and the system of collecting slops, house trash and ashes from residences and businesses all over the city, and collecting and disposing of dead animals daily. 

Clarke gave papers at national Public Health forums, and wrote a mountain of documentation on Boston's sewer system, covering sewer design, interconnections, manholes, pumps, and sewage through pipes that could backflood during high tides, causing noxious gases to back up in cellars across the city. He found a solution in intercepting sewer systems, and described this in a presentation at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1879, and later in a book published in 1885. His diaries record daily encounters with his fellow administrators and engineers, foremen, developers, builders, politicians and the public.  His writing is organized, literate and complete.


 In his diary, Clark writes (Oct. 2, 1878) about efforts 

to get residents to deed property for sewer




Three diaries

Three personal handwritten diaries (1879-1881)  in the life of Eliot C. Clarke, Principal Assistant Engineer for Improved Sewerage, the man who built the Boston Sewer System 1878-1881 Boston, MA: City of Boston.  The man responsible for building and maintaining Boston's sewer system in the years after the Civil War kept these handwritten diaries of his work from Sep. 7, 1878 to Dec. 19, 1881.  Clarke was a prominent figure in Public Health and Civil Engineering in those days, and his work was interconnected not only with building, maintaining and expanding Boston's storm drain and sewer system, but the many railroads and horse railways criss-crossing the city, as well as streets and the system of collecting slops, house trash and ashes from residences and businesses all over the city, and collecting and disposing of dead animals daily.  Clarke gave papers at national Public Health forums, and wrote a mountain of documentation on Boston's sewer system, covering sewer design, interconnections, manholes, pumps, and sewage through pipes that could backflood during high tides, causing noxious gases to back up in cellars across the city. He found a solution in intercepting sewer systems, and described this in a presentation at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1879, and later in a book published in 1885. His diaries record daily encounters with his fellow administrators and engineers, foremen, developers, builders, politicians and the public.  His writing is organized, literate and complete. 7.3 x 12 cm. Three small booklets one 9.7 x 15 cm, pages nearly all filled; two 7.5 x 12 Standard 19th c. diaries, gilt edged pages, very good. In 1880 one-third of pages are filled out, in 1881, one-half are filled out. All very good. (8111) $480.00. American Originals/Engineering
SOLD
In the event that Boston’s sewers are not your cup of tea, The Personal Navigator offers these books and papers:

Mary Norton's Autograph Book, Maynard, Mass., 1879 Norton, Mary A. 1879 Maynard, MA: ephemera. Mary started this autograph book in 1879.  It contains sentimental inscriptions from friends and relatives, mostly from Maynard, MA and Halifax, Nova Scotia."Remember me till death shall close these eyelids…" from Katie Snee, Maynard. Includes small embroidery of a Bible with a cross, with flowers on it. 17 x 10 cm. Leather autograph book, spine leather torn off, some damp stain on first few pages, fair. (7688) $28.00. American Originals

Joyeaux Trio from Ruth's Post Cards, 1928

Ruth's Post Card Travelogue, 1928 by Bradford, Ruth  Boston, MA: Ruth Bradford, 18 Cedarlane Way. Ruth is on the "grand tour" of Europe, and sends home this detailed, colorful report of her adventures, carefully described on the backs of 22 post cards. She watches the fireworks for Bastille Day at Biarritz and warns her friend Lucia to stay clear of Nice. She tells about the violent hailstorm as her group drives through the Pyrenees. Luncheon in Quimper, visit to the potteries.  22 cards 9 x 14 cm. Twenty-two photographic post cards with a detailed travel journal written on backs. Very good. (6337) $65.00. American Originals/Travel



Cannon and Camera

Rough Riders at Camp Wikoff

Cannons and Camera: Sea and Land Battles of the Spanish-American War in Cuba, Camp Life, and the Return of the Soldiers; First Edition Photographs and Narrative by Hemment, John C.1898. New York, NY: D. Appleton & Co. 282 pp. 13.5 x 20 cm. This book has been widely reproduced. In this book War Artist John C. Hemment has captured the War in Cuba in excellent, sharp photographs and accompanying text.   Introduction by W.I. Lincoln Adams. Hemment had earlier photographed the Battleship Maine extensively, and when he arrived in Cuba he found she had just been blown up. His description of the Spaniards and the Cubans is colorful and portrays the sharp enmity between Americans and Spaniards. Interesting and detailed photos of recovery of parts of Maine, life in American soldiers' camp, off to the seat of war in Santiago by seagoing transport...  Life with General Shafter and his staff.  Description of photography and developing of film, etc. under combat conditions.  Firing on Morro Castle. Among the Cuban pickets.  About mules in the campaign. Siege of Santiago. The Charge at El Caney.  Our Bold Rough Riders.and Colonel Roosevelt. Return of the Rough Riders. With appendix and index.  Red cloth on board with decoration on cover showing a sailor cleaning a naval gun; gilt lettering. Edges worn, binding weak, spine faded. Inscription dated 1898 on ffep. Fair. (5261) $42.00. History/Spanish-American War


Dresden Postcards and Theatre Handbills

Dresden: Album von Dresden, 10 der schönsten Ansichten, Auch als Postkarten verwendbar ca. 1925 Dresden, Germany: J. Bettenhausen, Buchhdlg. 11 cards   9.5 x 14.5 cm. Accordion-style set of ten photographic post cards of Dresden sights, including Friedrich August-Brücke mit Hofkirche, Elbpanorama, Opernhaus, Zwinger, Brühl'sche Terrasse und Ständehaus, Kath Hofkirche und Schloß. Also included is loose postcard of Opernhaus and two folded  advertisements (27 x 26 cm) for "Ernani" and "Wilhelm Tell" in Oper im Albert-Theater 25 and 26 Juli, 1925. Souvenir packet of photo post cards and two playbills, one playbill has small holes in fold, good. (7216) $26.00. Travel
                                                                                   
Modern Sanitation, March 1907 published by Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co., New York, London, Chicago  1907 Pittsburgh, PA: Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co. Magazine features cover photo of London's Piccadilly Circus, where public toilet is now located. Editorial by Horace Barnes notes that Europe is far ahead of U.S. in providing public toilets. "Sewage Purification and Disposal" by J.J. Cosgrove, Principles of Sewage Purification, Part III. "History of Sanitation" Part III. Ads for Porcelain Enameled Closet, Porcelain Enameled Bath and Lavatory all feature details and illustrations. 32 pp. 17.5 x 24.7 cm. Periodical, moderate wear, good. (8160) $35.00. Advertising


New York Almanac, The, 1880         Hudnut, James M., Editor. 1879 New York, NY: Francis Hart & Company, 63-65 Murray St. Almanac features engravings and brief biographies of leading political figures in U.S., including John Sherman and A.G. Thurman of Ohio, Samuel J, Tilden and William A. Wheeler of New York, Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana, James G. Blaine of Maine, George B. McClellan of New Jersey, George F. Edmunds of Vermont, Thomas F. Bayard of Delaware, and U.S. Grant of Illinois. Almanac includes industrial statistics, value of imports, hints for Healthful Homes, Life Insurance Topics (several pages), ads for newspapers, magazines, life insurance, fire insurance. 64 pp. 16 x 22.5 cm. Paper booklet, slight staining on back cover, very good. (8180) $19.00. Biography

Rhode Island, A Study in Separatism: American Commonwealths series, second edition by Richman, Irvirng Berdine 1918 Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin & Co. Frontispiece is fold-out map of Rhode Island as of 1905. Author notes several changes in the Rhode Island Constitution made in 1909 which affect this 1905 edition. Author notes existence of much prejudice between Rhode Island and Massachusetts, and states that since he is not connected to New England, his work may be found to be impartial. Narragansett Bay and the beginnings of separatism. Age of Roger Williams. Paper Money. Rhode Island and the Sea. Golden Age of Newport. Growth of Providence, Stephen Hopkins and Moses Brown. Revolution and Rhode Island. American forces, British seizure of Newport, Laafayette riding a-gallop to Boston to appeal to D'Estaing to return the fleet. American army escapes without loss to Tiverton. Enlistment of negroes, mulattoes and Indian man slaves 1778-1780. John Brown, forced to run his privateers past British batteries; his letter to General Greene; Greene's disdainful reply. The Dorr Rebellion. The Civil War and After. Bibliography. Three maps. 395 pp. + adv. 12 x 18 cm. Red cloth on board, with gilt lettering and design, spine sunfaded, very good.  (5327) $19.00. History

30 Norwood St., Rockport, by Walter Kendall, Architect

Walter Kendall Architect--Architecture sketches and drawings collection and Detailed Photo History of Property at Rockport, MA 1957-58 1958 Rockport, MA: Kendall & Young, Architects.  Loose-leaf notebook filled with drawings, sketches and notes, "Architecture collected by W.J. Kendall". Includes photos by famous architects, Church of St. Vincent Ferrer by Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, Architect; Choir Screen, Reredos of St. Thomas Church, New York, by B.G. Goodhue, Architect; many more. Sixteen page album of color photographs of project moving two homes together near ocean in Rockport, Massachusetts by Kendall and Young, 1957-58. 24 x 28 cm. Cloth covered loose-leaf notebook, lightly soiled, good; Photo album of 16 heavy card pages with photos pasted on. Good. (8034) $90.00. American Originals/Ephemera




Cartoons from WWII Sailor's Photo Album; WWII Sailor

World War II Sailor's Photo Album, ca. 1945 ~23 pp. 25 x 29 cm. World War II sailor collected photos of girls, Navy blimps, his ship USS Zircon (PY-16), more girls, other sailors. Includes three small handmade sailor cartoons, two large photos of girls, charcoal sketch of young man, group photo of 1945 class at Naval Academy Preparatory School, Camp Peary, VA.  Leatherette photo album with photos inserted in plastic sheets, good. (5686) $50.00. American Originals/World War II/Navy/Ephemera


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